What are Primary Sources?

Primary sources show an original, first-hand account of history. 

The type of research project you work on can make a big impact on what counts as a primary source, so think creatively! What matters most is your ability to find information that can be used to gain insight into the people or events you're researching. 

Remember: Just because it's written in a primary source does not mean it is true! People can lie or misunderstand what they've seen. Always question the information you find, and check its accuracy against both primary and secondary sources on your topic.

  • Letters & Correspondence
  • Diaries & Journals
  • Interviews & Oral Histories
  • Photographs
  • Newspapers
  • Legal & Government documents
  • Original research
  • Organizational records
  • Statistics and Census data
  • Video and Film
  • And more!

Would you consider an autobiography or memoir a primary source?

The answer is, it depends!

In most cases, an author writes their memoir years or decades after the events they write about. They may misremember their own history, or reinterpret it to emphasize or obscure certain parts of their story. Because of the time between the events and the creation of the source (in this case, the memoir), it would be a secondary source for the events it discusses. 

What if you were writing a biography about the author, or researching events that happened around the time they published their memoir? The memoir might be a good primary source, since it could give insight into the author's thoughts and beliefs at the time they were writing it. 

Searching for Primary Sources

The following links are curated collections of primary sources that cover many topics and time periods. They were compiled by publisher Adam Matthew. You can search through all of the AM collections and documents through AM Explorer.


Archives are dedicated repositories for primary sources. They work very similarly to libraries, but instead of recently published books and journals, they preserve, organize, and describe primary sources for people to access for research. In most cases, an archive will have specific topics that it focuses on, like the history of the institution the archive is a part of.

Unlike libraries, archival records cannot be checked out or removed from the archive. Instead, researchers either travel to the physical location to access records, or see if copies can be made. Some archives also have digital versions of their records that you can access from anywhere.

Did you know that St. Mary's College of Maryland has an archives? We collect records relating to the history of the College (and St. Mary's Female Seminary), including student life, College publications, and relics of past curriculum. 

Need Help?

If you need help with primary sources, reach out to Shane Moran, the College Archivist! Shane can help you find sources on any topic you're interested in, show you how to effectively analyze historic documents and records, and provide access to SMCM's Archives.