Citing Sources Research Guide

For information on more citation styles, check out our Citing Sources Research Guide:

Computer Science Citation Styles

What is it?

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) style is a numeric citation style often used in engineering and computer science. Sources are cited in-text with a number in square brackets, and references are listed in the order they appear.

In-text citation:

…as demonstrated in the algorithm [2].

Reference list example:

[2] J. Smith and A. Kumar, Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009.

Helpful resources
Tips:

  • Use EndNote or Zotero to export IEEE citations from databases like IEEE Xplore or ACM Digital Library.

  • Use numbered references in order of appearance, not alphabetically.

What is it?

ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) style is based on the Chicago Author-Date format but adapted for computing disciplines. It includes both in-text citations and a detailed bibliography.

In-text citation:

…as discussed by Smith and Kumar (2009).

Reference list example:

Smith, J. and Kumar, A. 2009. Introduction to Algorithms. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Helpful resources:
Tips:

  • Be aware that some ACM conferences use different formats; always check your professor’s preference.

  • Zotero and other citation managers often have ACM-specific styles built in.

APA, MLA, and Chicago Citation Styles

Need APA Style help? Try these helpful websites and books.

Need help citing sources and formatting bibliographies in MLA Style? Look no further than these helpful websites and books.

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EndNote is a citation manager that helps you organize references and create citations. St. Mary’s students, faculty, and staff can download EndNote for free.

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For questions about downloading or installing EndNote, contact the Office of Information Technology.
For help using EndNote, visit our EndNote Basics Research Guide.